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STRATEGYREADING
Lesson #3•5 Practice Exercises Included
Keyword Spotting & Paraphrase Mapping Recognition
Recognizing Cambridge synonym substitutions to locate answers in complex passages.
## The Paraphrase Transformation Matrix
Official IELTS reading questions NEVER use the exact wording found in the passage. Instead, they apply 4 types of paraphrase transformations:
| Paraphrase Type | Question Text | Passage Text |
|---|---|---|
| **Direct Synonym** | *The danger was **limited**.* | *The risk was **scarce / minimal**.* |
| **Word Form Shift** | *It grew **rapidly**.* | *It experienced **rapid growth**.* |
| **Opposite / Antonym** | *It was **inexpensive**.* | *It avoided **prohibitive costs**.* |
| **Conceptual Restructure** | *People **moved to cities**.* | *Accelerated **urbanization** took place.* |
Interactive 5-Question Strategy Quiz
0 / 5 Answered
1
The question statement uses 'substantial decline'. The passage is most likely to use:
2
Which of the following demonstrates a word form transformation?
3
Why should you never scan exclusively for the exact words in the question prompt?
4
What is an effective strategy before scanning the passage for an answer?
5
The question says 'financial incentives were provided'. The passage states:
Apply This Grammar in Writing / Speaking
Practice Keyword Drills