## Core Logical Framework
The most frequent obstacle preventing candidates from achieving Band 8+ in IELTS Reading is distinguishing between **FALSE / NO** and **NOT GIVEN**.
```
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Is the statement mentioned in the text? │
└──────────────────────────────┬──────────────────────────────┘
│
┌───────────────┴───────────────┐
▼ ▼
YES NO ──► [ NOT GIVEN ]
│
┌─────────────┴─────────────┐
▼ ▼
Does the text AGREE? Does the text CONTRADICT?
│ │
[ TRUE / YES ] [ FALSE / NO ]
```
### The Three Golden Rules:
1. **TRUE / YES**: The passage directly confirms the statement. Paraphrasing is used, but the fundamental meaning matches 100%.
2. **FALSE / NO**: The passage directly contradicts the statement. You can pinpoint an exact sentence that proves the opposite.
3. **NOT GIVEN**: The topic is mentioned, but the specific comparison or relationship is never verified.
> **Crucial Rule**: Never bring outside knowledge. If the text does not explicitly state it, it is **NOT GIVEN**!
Interactive 5-Question Strategy Quiz
0 / 5 Answered
1
Passage: 'Solar panels installed in southern Spain generated 20% more electricity than identical panels in Germany.'
Question: 'Solar panels in Germany are more expensive to purchase.'
2
Passage: 'All participants in the clinical trial were over 65 years old.'
Question: 'Some participants in the trial were young adults.'
3
Passage: 'The high-speed rail line connecting Lyon and Paris reduced travel times from four hours to under two.'
Question: 'The journey from Paris to Lyon now takes less than two hours by high-speed rail.'
4
Passage: 'Dr. Watson argued that dietary changes were the sole factor in reducing cardiovascular mortality.'
Question: 'Dr. Watson believed physical exercise also played a role in reducing heart disease.'
5
Passage: 'The archaeological team uncovered twelve bronze artifacts dating to the late Bronze Age.'
Question: 'The artifacts were made by local Mediterranean craftsmen.'
Apply This Grammar in Writing / Speaking
Practice "Mastering True / False / Not Given & Yes / No / Not Given Logic" in Targeted Tests